I’ve chosen photo number 2.
·
(You know, I’m fond of photography.) I’ve got lots of amazing photos and I’d like to show you this one.
·
Actually, the
photo was taken at the summer camp last year. (I had a lot of fun there during
my summer holidays.)
·
The picture shows one of the most interesting holiday activities. It’s cooking over an
open fire. (The weather is fine and it’s possible to cook in the open air.) In the foreground, you can see two
kettles of tea and a pot of soup over the fire. In the middle, you can see two camp members, Marina and Vlad,
standing by the fire. In the background,
some other teenagers are collecting wood for the fire.
·
Marina and Vlad
are keeping an eye on the meal. At this very moment they are spooning out some
soup into the plate in order to taste it. They
seem to be extremely concentrated on the process. (I think they feel great responsibility as they are preparing food for the whole camp group.)
·
I took this photo because such kind of activity was very exciting for the campers, especially for those who had never
gone camping before. That’s why I
wanted to capture that moment.
·
In fact, I’ve
chosen this photo to present to you as I
know you’ve never been to the camp. So,
I’d like to share this unforgettable experience and to show you a piece of camp
life.
·
All in all, I hope you’ll like the photo and,
perhaps, next time you’ll go to the camp with me.
|
Describing the picture
|
Speculating about the situation
|
|
This picture (photo) was taken
in…/ I took this photo when I was in …
The picture shows …
In this picture you can see …
There is … in this picture.
On the right …
In the left hand corner …
In the foreground you can see …
There is/are… in the
background.
In the bottom of the picture
there is/are…
There are … in the top part of
the picture.
The people in the picture are …
The people in the picture look
happy because …
The people in the picture seem
sad because …
The general atmosphere in the
picture is positive (cheerful) because …
The general atmosphere in the
picture is depressing because …
The weather in the picture is …
|
It can be…
It may be …
They could be …
Perhaps …
It is probably …
Another idea is that …
It is also possible that …
It seems to me that people in
the picture …
I get the impression that
people in the picture are not happy because …
They don’t seem to be enjoying
themselves because …
|
|
Expressing an
opinion
|
Clarifying
|
Listing points
Adding
information
|
Emphasis
|
Giving reasons
|
|
I think,…
I believe,…
I suppose,…
It seems to me that…
As I see it,…
In my opinion,…
I tend to think that…
From my point of view,…
|
By this I mean…
In other words,…
The point is…
In fact,…
Actually,… …especially…
…particularly…
|
Firstly,/To begin with,…
Secondly,…
Furthermore,…
Moreover,…
In addition,…
Also,…
Apart from this,…
Besides,…
|
Of course,…
Obviously,…
Indeed,…
Naturally,…
Definitely,…
|
…because…
…as…
…so…
That’s why…
|
|
Expressing an
opinion
|
Clarifying
|
Listing points
Adding
information
|
Emphasis
|
Giving reasons
|
|
I think,…
I believe,…
I suppose,…
It seems to me that…
As I see it,…
In my opinion,…
I tend to think that…
From my point of view,…
|
By this I mean…
In other words,…
The point is…
In fact,…
Actually,… …especially…
…particularly…
|
Firstly,/To begin with,…
Secondly,…
Furthermore,…
Moreover,…
In addition,…
Also,…
Apart from this,…
Besides,…
|
Of course,…
Obviously,…
Indeed,…
Naturally,…
Definitely,…
|
…because…
…as…
…so…
That’s why…
|
Примерный вариант ответа учащегося
(скрипт) на максимальный балл (7 баллов)
·
No doubt, there
are different ways of spending free time. (In these pictures we can see two of
them.)
·
The first picture shows four young people riding their bikes in the forest. They have just
stopped for a break or maybe to
discuss the route. In the second picture
we can see three girls in the shopping mall. (Obviously, they have bought a great deal of things as there are lots of shopping bags in
front of them.) They are sitting on the bench and discussing their purchases.
·
Both pictures
have several common things. First of all, they show teenagers who seem to be good
friends and enjoy being together. Besides, in both photos young people
are having fun. (Definitely, they like their activities because they
look happy.)
·
However, there
are also some differences between these pictures. The main difference is that in the first picture
the teenagers are spending their free time in a more active and healthier way.
(They are keeping fit in the open air.) In contrast, the girls in the
second photo are in a big shopping centre. (Certainly, trying on clothes
in stuffy fitting-rooms is not a healthy pastime.) One more difference
is that the cyclists are wearing sportswear like shorts, T-shirts,
helmets and trainers. Unlike them, the girls are wearing casual clothes such
as jeans, tops and flat shoes.
·
As for me, I would
prefer cycling to shopping.
·
The point is that I like spending time in the open air because it’s better for my health. Also, cycling makes me more cheerful and energetic than shopping.
·
All in all, choosing how to spend leisure time depends on everyone’s individual
preferences.
(22
фразы)
London Zoo
London Zoo is one of
the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at
London Zoo and A __________! Its main concern is to
breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to
restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.
Partula Snail, Red
Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard,
Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo
is helping to save.
That is why it is so
important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals
live in, as well as eliminate other dangers B __________.
But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, C __________.
In the Ambika Paul
Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and
appreciation for animals D __________. They can also
learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.
Then there are
numerous special Highlight events E __________
unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal
displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are
interested in about the animals they care for, F __________.
Whatever you decide,
you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure
you do!
|
|
1.
|
because
they see and touch them close up
|
2.
|
such
as hunting exotic animals and selling furs
|
3.
|
as
well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo
|
4.
|
that
is not counting every ant in the colony
|
5.
|
which
demand much time and effort
|
6.
|
which
take place every day, from
|
7.
|
despite
the serious side to our work
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Harry Potter course for university
students
Students of Durham
University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to
be the UK's first course focusing on the world of Harry
Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about
Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide
to … modern life.
The Durham University
module uses the works of JK Rowling A __________ modern
society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for
study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed B __________ a
BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK
Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.
A university spokesman
said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and
cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, C __________ the
classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and
good citizenship.
The module was created
by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He
said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D __________ body:
“It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context
and will explore some fundamental issues E __________.
You just need to read the academic writing which started F __________ that
Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”
|
|
1.
|
up
for the optional module, part of
|
2.
|
such
as the moral universe of the school
|
3.
|
to
examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in
|
4.
|
including
the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in
|
5.
|
to
emerge four or five years ago to see
|
6.
|
such as the response of the writer
|
7.
|
to
growing demand from the student
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mobile phones
On New Year’s Day,
1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a
happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner
of Vodafone, A __________.
At the time, mobile
phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and
provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small;
Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of
the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact B __________.
Hardly anyone believed
there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular C __________.
But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and
by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom
was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and
created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.
When the government
introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to
attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D __________.
It also introduced local call tariffs.
The way that handsets
themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia
who made E __________. In the late 1990s Nokia
realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable
covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.
The mobile phone
industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its
monthly charge F __________, which has culminated in
the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.
|
|
1.
|
that
there would be more phones in the UK than there are people
|
2.
|
the
leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items
|
3.
|
and
his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK
|
4.
|
the
move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks
|
5.
|
trying
to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call
and text
|
6.
|
that
mobile phones would have over the next quarter century
|
7.
|
and
relying instead on actual call charges
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Laughing and evolution
The first hoots of
laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10
million years ago, according to the results of a new study.
Researchers used
recordings of apes and babies being tickled A __________
to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great
apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.
The finding challenges
the opinion B __________, suggesting instead that it
emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to
our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.
“In humans, laughing
can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying
ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun
of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth
University. “I was interested in C __________.”
Davila Ross travelled
to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah,
Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D __________.
Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when
they are excited and while they are playing with each other.
Davila Ross collected
recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos
and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them
laugh.
To analyze the
recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our
evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E __________,
but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.”
said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F __________.”
|
|
1.
|
that
laughter is a uniquely human trait
|
2.
|
to create the evolutionary tree linking
humans and apes
|
3.
|
while
their caretakers tickled them
|
4.
|
that
laughing comes from a common primate ancestor
|
5.
|
to
trace the origin of laughter back
|
6.
|
whether
laughing emerged earlier on than humans did
|
7.
|
that
humans were closest to chimps and bonobos
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nenets Culture affected by Global
Warming
For 1,000 years the
indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile-long Yamal
peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking
their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.
But this remote region
of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming.
Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A __________
around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is
delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of
reindeer, had to wait until late December B __________.
“Our reindeer were
hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer
herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than
before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges.
They get tired,” Japtik said.
Herders say that the
peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable – with
unseasonal snowstorms C __________, and milder longer
autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they
are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we
prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D __________,”
he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.
Here, in one of the
most remote parts of the planet, there are clear signs E __________.
Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and
discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had
drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes
– there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists
say there is unmistakable evidence F __________.
|
|
1.
|
when
the reindeer give birth in May
|
2.
|
that
Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting
|
3.
|
that the impact on Russia would be disastrous
|
4.
|
when
the ice was finally thick enough to cross
|
5.
|
the
environment is under pressure
|
6.
|
and
set up their camps in the southern forests
|
7.
|
and
in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Duration of life and its social
implications
The world’s population
is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance,
when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers
children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census
bureau shows A __________, with enormous consequences
for both rich and poor nations.
The rate of growth
will shoot up in the next couple of years. B __________
a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and
more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates
at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population
will be more than nine billion by 2050.
The US census bureau
was the first to sound C __________. Its latest
forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in
population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of
human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which
will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new
burdens on careers and social services providers, D __________ for
health services and pensions systems.
“People are living
longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors
conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last
century but also a significant challenge E __________ population.”
Ageing will put
pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to
look at the older dependency ratio, F __________ that
must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and
over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just
six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of
26, and the US has 21.
|
|
1.
|
the
change is due to
|
2.
|
a
huge shift towards an ageing population
|
3.
|
as
proportions of older people increase in most countries
|
4.
|
while
patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications
|
5.
|
which
recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country
|
6.
|
the
alarm about these changes
|
7.
|
which
shows the balance between working-age people and the older
|
|
|
|
|
|
Уважаемые учащиеся и их родители,
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