Задания для 6-11 классов

СУФФИКСЫ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ Суффиксы, образующие существительные, могут прибавляться к разным частям речи: прилагательным, глаголам и существительным. Прежде всего, следует запомнить, какие суффиксы могут прибавляться к той или иной части речи. Невозможно запомнить все существительные. Поэтому целесообразнее выучить окончания слов, к которым прибавляется определённый суффикс. Кроме того, следует обратить внимание на исключения, а также на орфографические правила прибавления суффиксов. Для более лёгкого усвоения весь материал разбит на три таблицы. После каждой таблицы даны тесты для формирования практических навыков словообразования. В заключение приведены комплексные тесты в формате ЕГЭ, в которых требуется образовать необходимое по смыслу существительное, а также решить в каком числе (единственном или множественном) оно употреблено.

Cуффикс	Образование	Прилагательные	Существительные
+ness	прилагательные + ness	aware, dark, fit, dry, great, good, ill, idle, kind, mad, polite, red, rich, rude, sad, selfish, shy, sick, sweet, weak, etc.	awareness, fitness, darkness, dryness, greatness, goodness, illness, idleness, kindness, madness, politeness, redness, richness, rudeness, sadness, selfishness, shyness, sickness, sweetness, weakness
		attentive, attractive, effective	attentiveness, attractiveness, effectiveness
	В двусложных прилагательных, y после согласной  i	busy, happy, empty, lazy, lonely, ready, sleepy, tidy, ugly	business, happiness, emptiness, laziness, loneliness, readiness, sleepiness, tidiness, ugliness
+(t)у	прилагательные + ty	sovereign, (un)certain	sovereignty, (un)certainty
		safe, nice	safety, nicety
		(dis)loyal, penal, royal, special	(dis)loyalty, penalty, royalty, specialty
	прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на t+y	(dis)honest, modest	(dis)honesty, modesty
		difficult	difficulty
	Исключения	poor	poverty
	прилагател ные, оканчивающиеся на ous	anxious, various	anxiety, variety
		curious, generous, religious	curiosity, generosity, religiosity
	прилагательные + ity	elastic, electric, public	elasticity,  electricity, publicity
		elastic, electric, public	elasticity, electricity, publicity
		major, minor, superior	majority, minority, superiority
		popular, similar, regular	popularity, similarity, regularity
		Christian, (in)human	Christianity, (in)humanity
	прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на al + ity	abnormal, equal, fatal, formal, functional, local, moral, mortal, national, personal, real, special, vital, universal	abnormality, equality, fatality, formality, functionality, locality, morality, mortality, nationality, personality, reality, speciality (Br), vitality, universality
	Исключения -al   -ity прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на -ble, изменяют - bil + ity	eternal, fraternal, maternal flexible, available, capable, stable, gullible, possible, visible, probable, profitable, reliable, respectable, responsible, suitable	eternity, fraternity, maternity ability, admissibility, flexibility, availability, capability, stability, gullibility, possibility, visibility, probability, profitability, reliability, respectability, responsibility, suitability
	прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на e, изменяют e o  ity	active, captive, creative, productive, relative	activity, captivity, creativity, productivity, relativity
		false, dense, diverse, immense, intense, obese	falsity, density, diversity, immensity, intensity, obesity
		fragile, hostile, mobile	fragility, hostility, mobility
		mediocre, scarce	mediocrity, scarcity
		mature, pure, secure, obscure, severe, sincere	maturity, purity, security, obscurity, severity, sincerity
	Исключения	simple, hospitable	simplicity, hospitality
;(i)ty	в некоторых случаях суффикс (i)ty может прибавляться к глаголу	celebrate, liquidate, necessitate	celebrity, liquidity, necessity
		liberate	liberty
		clarify, identify, qualify, quantify	clarity, identity, quality, quantity

3.1. Образуйте существительные, используя суффиксы ;ness и ;i(ty).

1. ugly 2. stupid 3. diverse 4. dry 5. aware

6. formal 7. visible 8. major 9. lazy 10. capable

11. sleepy 12. curious 13. weak 14. anxious 15. hospitable

3.2. Образуйте существительные, используя суффиксы ;ness и ­i(ty).

1. equal 2. sad 3. royal 4. obese 5. busy

6. safe 7. able 8. empty 9. liberate 10. similar

11. shy 12. modest 13. active 14. humid 15. reliable

3.3. Образуйте существительные, используя суффиксы ;ness и ;i(ty).

1. equal 2. sad 3. royal 4. obese 5. busy

6. safe 7. able 8. empty 9. liberate 10. similar

11. shy 12. modest 13. active 14. humid 15. reliable

3.4. Заполните пропуски существительными, образованными от слов, напечатанных в конце строк заглавными буквами.

 1. Jessica has a very pleasant

 2. Being a  has its own pros and cons.

3. is often a sign of weak character.

4. The protection of the environment is everyone’s .

5. is an unpleasant feeling.

 6. While some countries get richer, the  in others get worse.

 7. People complain about the lack of  in modern writers.

8. Running marathons requires a high level of physical .

9. I love autumn because of the of its colours.

 10. Rooms are offered subject to .

PERSONAL CELEBRATE

 RUDE

 RESPONSIBLE LONELY

 POOR

 CREATIVE

 FIT

 RICH

 AVAILABLE

СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ

Притяжательный падеж существительных Притяжательный падеж образуется путём прибавления апострофа (’) и окончания ;s к существительным в единственном числе, а также к существительным во множественном числе, которые не оканчиваются на ;s: Jack’s book, St. James’s park, the doctor’s advice, the children’s toys.

К существительным во множественном числе, которые оканчиваются на ;s, прибавляется только апостроф (’): the girls’ books, the lawyers’ clients. Неодушевлённые существительные, как правило, передают значение принадлежности с помощью предлога of: the first chapter of the novel, the cost of living.

Однако есть некоторые группы неодушевлённых существительных, которые употребляются в притяжательном падеже:

а) названия стран, городов, месяцев, дней недели: Russia’s economy, Moscow’s skyline, February’s birthstone, Sunday’s paper;

б) меры времени и расстояния: yesterday’s newspaper, a day’s wait, a fortnight’s holiday, two kilometres’ distance;

в) названия магазинов, салонов, ресторанов: the butcher’s, the hairdresser’s, McDonald’s restaurant

; г) слова sun, moon, Earth, world, country, city, town, company: the world’s climate, the country’s economy, the company’s office. 

Неисчисляемые существительные не употребляются с неопределённым артиклем и имеют форму только единственного или только множественного числа. 

РАЗДЕЛ «ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА»

Группа	Примеры	Примечание
Жидкости	blood, tea, coffee, milk	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
Продукты питания	bread, butter, flour, food, fish (как продукт питания), meat, sugar, rice, salt, etc.	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
Материалы	coal, glass, ice, iron, sand	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
. Газы	air, oxygen, smoke	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
. Явления природы	darkness, hail, heat, rain, snow, humidity	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
Учебные предметы	Chemistry, Economics, Litera; ture, Mathematics, Physics, etc. Языки Chinese, English, French,	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
Языки	Chinese, English, French,	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
Игры	billiards, chess, golf, soccer, tennis,	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
Болезни	flu, measles, mumps	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
Абстрактные существительные	accommodation, advice, anger, applause, assistance, behaviour, business, chaos, country; side, courage, damage, dirt, education, evidence, housework, homework, information, intelligence, knowledge, luck, mu; sic, news, peace, progress, sea; side, shopping, traffic, trouble, truth, wealth, work	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
Собирательные существительные	baggage, cutlery, furniture, jewellery, luggage, machinery, money, rubbish, stationery, time, hair, etc.	Согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе
Парные существительные	garments (pyjamas, trousers, etc.), tools (scissors, etc.), instruments (binoculars, com; passes, spectacles, etc.).	Согласуются с глаголом во множествен; ном числе
Неисчисляемые существительные, имеющие только форму множественного числа	arms, ashes, barracks, clothes, congratulations, earnings, (good) looks, outskirts, people, police, premises, riches, stairs, surroundings, wages	Согласуются с глаголом во множествен; ном числе
Групповые существительные	army, audience, class, club, committee, company, council, crew, crowd, headquarters, family, jury, government, press, public, staff, team	За этими су; ществитель; ными может следовать гла; гол как в единствен; ном, так и во множествен; ном числе

С выражениями времени, расстояния или денег, рас; сматриваемыми как «одно целое», используется глагол в единственном числе: Three miles is a long way to go. Two years is long to wait. Nine thousand pounds is too much to spend on.

Исчисляемые существительные имеют форму как единственного, так и множественного числа. Многие неис; числяемые существительные можно сделать исчисляемы; ми, добавив к ним разделительное слово, например: a piece of paper / cake / advice / information / furniture; a slice / loaf of bread; a piece of news, etc.

On-line игры

• Irregular Verbs
• Conversation Questions  How many questions can you answer?

• Food & Eating

  A Part of Conversation Questions for the ESL Classroom. Related: Restaurants, Fruits and Vegetables, Vegetarian, Diets, Tipping
  
  • About how many different color foods did you eat for dinner last night?
    • Do you think about color when you are preparing a meal?
  • Are there any foods that you wouldn't eat as a child that you eat now?
  • Are you a good cook?
  • Are you a vegetarian?
  • Are you concerned about your daily calorie intake when choosing something to eat?
  • At what times do you usually eat your meals?
    • Breakfast?
    • Lunch?
    • Dinner?
  • Can you cook well?
  • Did you drink coffee this morning?
  • Did you eat lunch today?
  • Do you always eat dinner with your family?
  • Do you always eat vegetables?
  • Do you cook? If yes, what food do you cook the most often?
  • Do you drink milk every day?
  • Do you drink tea every day?
  • Do you eat beef?
  • Do you eat bread every day?f
  • Do you eat breakfast every day?
  • Do you eat fruit every day?
  • Do you eat lunch at school every day?
    • How much does lunch usually cost at school?
    • Do you bring your lunch to school?
  • Do you eat rice every day?
  • Do you ever skip breakfast? If so, how often and why?
  • Do you have a favorite cafe? If so, where is it? Why do you like it?
  • Do you have coffee for breakfast?
  • Do you know someone who struggles with an eating disorder?
  • Do you like Thai food?
    • Chinese food?
    • Spanish food?
    • American food?
    • Mozambican food?
    • French food?
    • Italian food?
    f
  • Do you like Japanese food?
    • What kind of Japanese food do you like?
    • Do you like deep fried food?
    • Do you like food from other countries? If yes, which do you like the most?
    • Do you like peas and carrots? How about spinach?
    • Do you like to cook? Why or why not?
    • Do you like to eat a lot of food every day?
    • Do you like to eat at fast food restaurants?
    • Do you like to eat cakes?
    • Do you like to eat junk food?
    • Do you like to eat some desserts after dinner?
    • Do you like to eat? Why or why not?
    • Do you like to have breakfast each morning? Why or why not?
    • Do you like to try new food and drinks?
    • Do you often eat out?
    • Do you prefer fish or meat?
    • Do you prefer to eat at a restaurant or at home?
    • Do you prefer your own country's food or other kinds of food?
    • Do you read the nutritional information on the foods you buy?
    • Do you take vitamin pills?
    • Do you think a vegetarian diet is better than a diet that includes meat?
    • Do you think fast food, soda and sweets should be sold in school cafeterias?
    • Do you usually want to eat dessert after dinner?
    • Have you ever been a diet? If so, how long did you stayed on it?
    • Have you ever eaten dog meat?
    • How long do you take to eat lunch?
    • How many calories do most people need every day?
    • How many meals do you usually eat every day?
    • How much do you eat when you are sad or happy?
    • How much does it cost to eat dinner at a hotel in your country?
    • How much rice do you eat?
    • How often do you eat at a fast-food restaurant?
    • How often do you eat bread?
    • How often do you eat fresh fruit?
    • How often do you eat in a restaurant? (How often do you eat out?)
      • Where do you usually go?
      • Who do you usually go with?
      • About how much do you spend?
      • Do you ever go to an Indian restaurant?
    • How often do you eat steak?
    • How often do you go drinking? What's your favorite drink?
    • How often do you go shopping for food?
    • If you are living abroad, what is the food that you miss most from home?
    • Is there any food that you really dislike to eat?
    • What are some foods that are considered unhealthy?
    • What are some foods that you know are healthy for your body?
    • What country's food do you like the most?
    • What did you eat for lunch yesterday?
    • What did you eat the last time you ate at a restaurant?
    • What did you have for breakfast this morning?
    • What did you have for supper last night?
    • What do you eat for breakfast every day?
    • What do you eat when you feel sad?
    • What do you like to drink?
    • What do you like to eat for your dinner?
    • What do you think of Thai food? Chinese food? English food?
    • What do you usually eat for lunch?
    • What do you usually like to drink when you go out?
    • What food can you cook the best?
    • What food do you hate? Why do you hate it?
    • What foods do you hate?
    • What foods do you love?
    • What foods have you tasted which you will never forget for the rest of your life?
    • What fruit do you eat the most often?
    • What have you eaten so far today?
    • What is a typical meal from your country?
    • What is one of your favorite foods?
    • What is the cheapest place to eat that you know?
      • About how much is a meal?
      • Where is it?
      • How often do you go there?
    • What is the food you like about your country.
    • What is the last meal you cooked for someone else?
    • What is the most expensive meal you have ever eaten?
    • What is the most expensive restaurant that you have ever been to?
      • What did you eat there?
      • When did you go?
      • Who did you go with?
    • What is the most unusual thing you've ever eaten. Did it taste good or bad?
    • What is the strangest thing you have ever eaten?
    • What is your favorite food?
      • Please describe your favorite food.
    • What is your favorite dessert?
    • What is your favorite fast food restaurant?
    • What is your opinion of Chinese food?
      • American food?
      • British food?
      • India food?
      • Greek food?
    • What kind of beverages do you usually drink?
    • What kind of desserts do you like to eat?
    • What kind of food do like to eat when you are angry?
    • What kind of food do you eat between meals?
    • What kind of food do you like the most?
    • What kind of food do you like to eat?
    • What kind of food does your mother make?
    • What kind of food that you think is the least healthy?
    • What kind of food that you think is the most healthy?
    • What kind of food you usually eat?
    • What kind of fruit do you like the best?
    • What kind of restaurants you like?
    • What kind of vegetables do you like?
    • What kinds of food do you usually eat for lunch?
    • What restaurant in this city do you recommend?
      • Why is it a good place?
      • About how much does a meal cost?
    • What special foods do you eat on holidays? (Christmas, New Year's Day, etc.)
    • What time do you usually eat breakfast? How about lunch and supper?
    • What vegetable do you like best?
    • What's the best restaurant you've ever been to?
    • What's the best restaurant you've ever been to? Why did you like it?
    • What's the strangest food you've ever eaten?
    • What's your favorite dessert?
    • What's your favorite drink in the summer?
    • What's your favorite fish?
    • What's your favorite food?
    • What's your favorite fruit?
    • What's your favorite junk food?
    • What's your favorite kind of ethnic food?
    • What's your favorite kind of food?
    • What's your favorite kind of meat?
    • What's your favorite restaurant? Why do you like it?
    • What's your favorite snack?
    • When was the last time you ate at a restaurant?
    • When was the last time you ate dinner with your mother?
    • Where do you usually eat dinner?
      • Breakfast?
      • Lunch?
      • Dinner?
    • Which country's food do you like the most?
    • Which do you eat more often, rice, bread or potatoes?
    • Which fast food restaurants do like?
    • Which fast food restaurants do you eat at the most often?
    • Who do you usually eat dinner with?
    • Why are diets usually short?
    • Why can't people stop eating?
    • Why do you think obesity is becoming such a problem in the United States and throughout the world?
    • What do Chinese people eat for lunch?(Substitute the nationality of your students.)
    • Do you know the nutritional value of the things you eat every day?
    • Do you believe that "we are what we eat?"
    • How many meals a day do you think should be eaten?
    • Do you usually eat at home or eat at a restaurant?
    • Can you name a spice or flavoring that is good for your health?
    • If you were on death row, what would you request for your last meal?
    • Do you pray before each meal?
    • Have you ever eaten something that made you ill?
    • How many calories are in one hamburger?
      • If you don't know, can you make a guess? Is it more or less than an ice-cream cone?
    • Have you ever had pot-luck?
    • Have you ever tasted African food?
    • Does your family have any special recipes that are passed down from generation to generation?
    • What would you bring to a pot-luck lunch?
    • Do you like brunch?
    • How much should you tip the server in a restaurant?
    • What type of restaurants would you not tip in?
    • Have you ever found something disgusting in your food?
    • Have you ever sent food back in a restaurant?
    • Have you ever left a restaurant without paying ("dined and dashed")?
    • Do you like trying new foods?
    • What new foods have you tried this month?
    • What is the strangest food you have ever tried?
    • Do you have any food allergies?
    • Which food from this country do you like the least?
    • What do you think about super-sizing?
    • Should fast food restaurants serve healthier food?
    • Are food portions too big for our health?
    • What food would you like to see in a restaurant in this country?
    • Do you think it is good to count calories when you are eating?
    • Which food is overpriced?
    • What differences do you notice in the preparation of American/British/Australian and Chinese/Japanese/Korean foods?
    • Do the utensils we use to eat affect the kind or way we prepare the foods we eat?
    • Do you think that food defines a culture? If so, how?
    • Do you notice any differences in the way food is served at the table when you travel?
    • Do you enjoy eating intestines? (Substitute in other foods that students are not likely to enjoy.)
    • How does the etiquette of eating together in your country differ from other countries?
    • Are there any foods that bring back special memories for you? What are they?
    • What can you do when a fishbone is caught in your throat?
    • If you were invited to a fancy dinner with the president or a celebrity, what would you do to prepare?
    • Name a spice or flavoring that is good for your health?
    • What to do when you cut your finger preparing food?
    • Have you ever thought food was your only friend?
    • What types of foods do Japanese people eat?
    • What types of foods do Chinese people eat?
    • How often do you have unhealthy food?
    • When you are alone do you always cook a meal.

  Pizza

  • Do you like pizza?
  • What is your favorite pizza topping?
  • How often do you eat pizza at a restaurant?
  • How often do you order pizza to your home?
  • Are there pizzerias near your home that deliver pizzas?
  • What do you like to drink with your pizza?
  • Do you know how to make a pizza?
  • Do you know who invented the pizza?
  • Why is pizza popular?
  • Have you ever called for pizza delivery?
  • How do you make pizza at home?